Standard Library Effects

Fe’s standard library provides effect traits for common EVM operations. These are available via the prelude — no imports needed.

Ctx — Execution Context

The Ctx trait provides read-only access to the EVM execution environment:

fn get_caller() -> Address uses (ctx: Ctx) {
    ctx.caller()
}

fn get_block() -> u256 uses (ctx: Ctx) {
    ctx.block_number()
}

Available methods on Ctx:

Method	Returns	Description
caller()	Address	Message sender
address()	Address	Contract’s own address
value()	u256	Ether sent with the call
timestamp()	u256	Current block timestamp
block_number()	u256	Current block number

Log — Event Emission

The Log trait allows emitting EVM log events. It requires mut because emitting is a side effect:

#[event]
struct Transfer {
    #[indexed]
    from: Address,
    #[indexed]
    to: Address,
    value: u256,
}

fn emit_transfer(from: Address, to: Address, value: u256) uses (log: mut Log) {
    log.emit(Transfer { from, to, value })
}

The emit() method works with any struct marked #[event].

Evm — The Root Effect

Under the hood, Ctx and Log are traits. The struct that implements them all is Evm. When you write uses (ctx: Ctx), the contract’s Evm instance satisfies that requirement.

Evm implements: Ctx, Log, RawMem, RawStorage, RawOps, Create, Call.

In tests, you interact with Evm directly:

#[test]
fn test_with_evm() uses (evm: mut Evm) {
    let addr = evm.create2<Example>(value: 0, args: (), salt: 0)
    assert(addr.inner != 0)
}

Custom Effects

Any type — struct, trait, or enum — can serve as an effect. The standard library effects are not special; they follow the same rules as user-defined effects. See Storage as Effects for the most common pattern: using your own structs as effects in contracts.

Here is a non-storage example — injecting validation logic as an effect:

pub struct RangeValidator {
    pub min: u256,
    pub max: u256,
}

impl RangeValidator {
    pub fn is_valid(self, value: u256) -> bool {
        value >= self.min && value <= self.max
    }
}

fn validate(value: u256) -> bool uses (v: RangeValidator) {
    v.is_valid(value)
}

#[test]
fn test_custom_effect() {
    let validator = RangeValidator { min: 10, max: 100 }
    let result = with (validator) {
        validate(value: 50)
    }
    assert(result == true)

    let result2 = with (validator) {
        validate(value: 5)
    }
    assert(result2 == false)
}

Summary

Effect	Type	Purpose
Ctx	Trait (std)	Execution environment (caller, block info)
Log	Trait (std)	Event emission
Evm	Struct (std)	Root effect implementing all EVM traits
Custom	Any type	Whatever capability your code needs